Lathe



Oct. 17, 1950 R. KURZWEIL arm. 2,526,487

Filed July 25, 1947 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 FIG.

ATTORNEY ROBERT KURZWE/L Filed July 25. 1947 Ogt. 17, 1950 R. KURZWEIL'ETJAL 2 mm: v

smu -sh t 2 7 FIG. 2.

N ENT BERT KURZWE/L I V 'JWENTINO JOSE PESQUE/RA BY: K] I A r TOR/VEVOct- 17, 1950 R. KURZWEIL ETAL 2,526,487

5 Sheets-Sheet 3 E1106 July 25 1947 Roaekr KURZWE/L INVENTORS JUVENTINOogg- P55005134 6 I ATTORA/Ey Oct. 17,1950 R. KURZWEIL Er AL 2,526,437

' LATHE Filed July 25, 1941 5' Sheets-Sheet 5 X FIG. 5.

1/2 FIG. Z

1 x M k I T ea TANK 59 4 H86! r r FIZZ L 9 60 so ROLL/5R r001. TOOL/37ROLLER I SLIDE SLIDE SLIDE sL/DE RIGHT HAND REAR CARR/AGE LEFT HANDROBERT KURZWE/L REAR R? 'JUVENT/NO JOSE PESQUE/RA BY: /j

. A T TORNEV Patented a. 1 1950 LATHE Robert Kurzweil and Juventino JosePcsqueira New York, N. Y., assignors to Morey Machinery 00., Inc.,Astoria, N. Y., a corporation or New York Application July 25, 1947,Serial No. 763,646

3 Claim.

This invention relates to lathes. It is particularly directed to meansfor turning a work piece on a lathe and a steady rest to prevent chatterand deflection or taper turning which may result from deflection whenturning the work piece. 1 v

Another object of this invention is to provide in a lathe for turningrailroad car axles, a highly improved steady rest to prevent chatter anddeflection of the axle when turning the journal and wheel seat diametersof said axle.

Another object of this invention is to provide in a lathe of thecharacter described, a base adapted to be attached to the bed of thelathe, a carriage mounted on the base for reciprocation longitudinallyof the lathe spindle axis, a steady rest or roller slide mounted forsliding movement on the carriage transversely of the lathe spindle, atool slide slidably mounted on 'the carriage likewise for movementtransversely of the spindle axis, and hydraulic means for automaticallyand sequentially feeding the carriage forward from initial position withthe tool slide in cutting position and with the roller slide moved outof contact with respect to the axle, and when the carriage has moved tothe end of the cutting stroke, to move the tool slide out of contactwith respect to the axle, and the roller slide in for engagement of thesteady rest rollers with the axle, and moving the roller slide out awayfrom the axle as the carriage begins its return movement to its initialposition, while the tool slide is also in its out position away from theaxle.

Still another object of this invention is to provide in a lathe of thecharacter described, a steady rest slide movable transversely of thespindle axis and carrying a pair of steady rest rollers, one rollerbeing rotatable upon a concentric axis and the other roller beingrotatable upon an eccentric axis, so that the slide may be movedtoward-the axle until the roller with the concentric axis contacts theaxle and the other roller may then be moved about its eccentric axisinto contact with the axle. Such a construction obviates the 'dimcultyin using two steady rest rollers on concentric axes since when such aroller slide is moved toward the axle, one roller may contact the axlebefore the other roller.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide in a lathe of thecharacter described, a base attached to the bed of the lathe, a carriageslidably movable on the base longitudinally of the bed, hydraulic meansfor reciprocating the carment of the carriage, one slide carrying asteady rest, and the other slide carrying a cutting tool,

and manual means to adjust the position of the carriage relative to thebase.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide in a lathe of thecharacter described a base attached to the bed of the lathe, a carriageslidably mounted on the base for movement longitudinally of the bed ofthe lathe, a hydraulic cylinder fixed to the carriage and disposedparallel to the bed of the lathe, a piston within the cylinder andpiston rod extending from the piston and adjustably connected to thebase, and a tool slide on the carriage movable transversely of the bedof the lathe, whereby the tool on the slide may be adjusted to desiredposition relative to a work piece on a lathe.

7 Yet a further object of this invention is to provide strong, ruggedand durable lathe construction of the character described; which shallbe relatively inexpensive to manufacture, which shall be smooth andpositive in operation and yet practical and efiicient to a high degreein use.

Other objects of this invention will in part be obvious and in parthereinafter pointed out.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction,combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts which will beexemplified in the construction hereinafter described, and of which thescope of application will be indicated in the following claims.

In the accompanying drawing, in which is shown various possileillustrative embodiments of this invention,

Fig. 1 is a top plan view of a lathe embodying the invention with a workpiece mounted thereon; i

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of one of the rear carriages and its base,showing the work piece in dot-dash lines;

Fig. 3 is a side view of the structure shown in Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a partial view taken on the plane 4-4 I of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the hydraulic cylinderattached to the carriage;

Fig. 6 is an end view of the cylinder shown in Fig. 5; and I Fig. 7 is adiagrammatic view illustrating' the hydraulic system for controlling thecarriages, roller slides and tool slides.

Referring now in detail to the drawing. l0 designates a lathe embodyingthe invention. The lathe comprises generally of a headstock II and aspindle |2 thereon.. The spindle I2 is driven through suitable drivingconnections within the headstock and belt l3 connected to a motor I4.The lathe however includes a frame |5 on which is mounted a tailstock I6provided with a quill I1. The work piece I8 shown herein for the purposeof illustration is a railroad car axle and is chucked between theheadstock spindle l2 and the tailstock quill II.

The lathe I is shown in greater detail in copending application SerialNo. 627,985, filed November 13, 1945, and now Patent No. 2,494,196,granted January 10, 1950, by applicant Juventino Jose Pesqueira, andapplication Serial No. 627,984,

flled November 13, 1945, by applicants herein.

The lathe furthermore includes front left and right carriages 20, eachcarrying tool slides 2| and 22. The tool on the tool slides 2| turn thewheel seats 24 of the axle It. The tools on the slides 22 turn thejournals 25.

Means is provided for turning the dust collars 26 of the axle l6 and toprovide a steady rest to prevent deflection and taper turning whichresults from deflection when turning the journal and wheel seatdiameters. To this end, the lathe is provided with a longitudinal bed 21on which are mounted right and left bases 28, each carrying a carriage29. Since the left and right bases and carriages are similar, the baseand carriage on one side only will be described. On each base 29 ismounted a tool slide 30, and a steady rest or rolle slide 3|, as willappear hereinafter.

In Figs. 2, 3 and 4, is illustrated the right rear slide or carriage andits base, and the same will be described hereinafter. In said figures,28 indicates a base fixed to the bed 21 by any suitable clamping means,such as bar 33 attached to the base 28 by bolt 34 and engaging anunderside of the bed. The base is also clamped in place by a clampingnut 35 screwed to a stud 36 on the base. The base 28 may have aforwardly and downwardly inclined under surface 31 resting on the bed.The base 28 has a top horizontal surface 38, a forward vertical edge 39,and a rea vertical surface 40. The carriage 29 has an undersurface 4|contacting the surface 38 of the base, a surface 42 contacting surface39, and a surface 43 parallel to surface 40. Between surfaces 40 and 43is a gib 44. The carriage is formed with a rearwardly extending bottomflange 45 and interposed between said flange and the underside of thebase is a gib 46. The base is formed at one end with an upstanding wall50, formed at its upper surface with a U-shaped rib having a U-shapednotch 52. Said base is furthermore formed with a horizontal longitudinalopening 53, for the purpose hereinafter appearing.

Rotatably mounted in the notch 52 are a pair of rotary nuts 55 havingknurled outer peripheral flanges 56 formed with radial socket openings61 for insertion of a pin or tool to rotate said nuts.

The peripheral flanges 56 contact opposite .des of rib 5| so that saidnuts are rotatably but ion-slidably mounted on the flange. Extendingthrough the central threaded openings of the nuts is a threaded shaft58. The threaded shank 58 comprises one end of a piston rod 59 to whicha piston 60 is attached. Said piston 60 is slidably mounted in ahydraulic cylinder 8| fixed with respect to the carriage 29 in anysuitable manner. The cylinder 6| has an end wall 62 at one end attachedthereto by means of bolts 64. At the othor end of the cylinder 6| is astufllng box 65 through which the piston rod'59 passes. The end wall 62and the stuflin-g box 65 are formed with suitable passages for hydraulicmedium.

It will now be understood that when hydraulic medium under pressureenters passage in wall 62, the carriage is moved to the left looking atFig.- 2, and when hydraulic medium under pressure enters the passage ingland 65, the carriage 'is moved to the right looking at Fig. 2. 1

The position of the carriage at its end stroke may be adjusted relativeto the base by adjusting the nuts 55. Adjustment of said nut changes theposition of the piston 60 relative to the base, and since the carriageis moved until the piston reaches the end of its stroke in o positedirections, the location of the stroke or the carriage is therebychanged for the purpose hereinafter appearing.

The carriage 29 is shown in Fig. 4 of the drawing as formed with anupstanding dove-tailed flange ill extending transversely of the bed ofthe lathe, and the tool slide 39 is formed with a dovetailed groove "Hreceiving said projection for mounting the tool slide for slidingmovement, transversely of the work piece. The tool slide 30 is formedwith a groove 12 in the side face thereof in which is mounted aturningtool 13 held in said groove by a plurality of set screws I4. Thetool may be held in a groove against longitudi-- nal movement by a stopset screw 15. Mounted on the rear of the carriage is a hydrauliccylinder 16. Within the cylinder is the usual piston carried on thepiston rod 11. At the forward end of the piston rod H is a head 18received in a r T-shaped notch 19 at the rear of the tool slide.

Thus, movement of the piston in cylinder 16 will cause correspondingmovement of the tool slide 39. The cutting edge of the tool 13 may beadvanced to engage the dust collar surface 26 for turning the same whenthe carriage is moved longitudinally inwardly towards the center of thework piece.

The roller slide 3| has a dove-tailed projection 8| received in adove-tailed groove 82 in the carriage. At the rear end of the rollerslide is a stud 84 connected by a turnbuckle 85 to one end of a pistonrod 86. Piston rod 86 carries a piston 81 within a cylinder 88 attachedto the carriage. Thus movement of the piston 81 within the cylinder 88will cause corresponding movement of the roller slide 3|.

On the roller slide is a horizontal longitudinal stud shaft 86a, onwhich is mounted a steady rest roller wheel 81a adapted to contact thedust collar surface of the work piece when the roller slide is movedtoward the work piece. The roller slide 3| is furthermore formed with acounterbored through opening 90. Through opening 90 passes a portion 9|of greater diameter and -:a portion 92 of smaller diameter. The rollerslide is furthermore formed with a threaded through opening 93communicating with opening 9|. Ro-

tatably mounted in the through opening 90 is a shaft 95. Said shaft 95comprises a portion 96 disposed within opening 92 and projectingtherefrom, and formed at its end with a wrench engaging head 91.Extending from portion 96 of the shaft 95 is a portion 98 disposedwithin opening 9|.

It will be noted that portions 9| and 92 of opening 90 are co-axial andlikewise portions 96 and 98 of shaft 95 are co-axial. Extending fromportion 98 is a portion 99 which is eccentric with respect to shaftportions 96 and 98. On portion 99 is a bearing bushing I00 and mountedon the bushing III is a roller I0l'. .Within opening 83 is out screwI02.

It will now be understood that screw I02 is loosened, shaft 36 may berotated to vary the position of the roller IOI toward or away from thework piece. On shaft'p'ortion 88 is a head I 06. Between the head I86and the wheel III- is a washer I06. Shaft portion 38 is formed withanannular groove I08 to receive the tip of the set screw I02. The setscrew thus prevents axial rncvement of shaft 88.

In order to insure contact with both rollers,

when the setassess? the limit switch in an opposite direction willoperate a micro switch I62. Means is provided to coordinate the limitswitch I60 with the movement of the carriage. To this end, there isfixed to the outer end of shaft 66 a plate I64. Fixed to the plate I64is a pin I66 which slides in wheels 81a and IM with the dust collarsurface of a the axle, the shaft 31 is first rotated to bring Thehydraulic system for controlling the roller slide, the tool slide andthe carriage is illustrated in Fig. 7 of the drawing. As shown in 7,hydraulic medium 'under pressure is supplied by conduit IIO which leadsto a pump.- Hydraulic medium is returned to tank by conduit III.Hydraulic medium is also returned to tank through metering conduit H2.The pump conduit H0 is connected by pipe II3 to the inlet end of a fourway valve H6 controlled by a solenoid marked 'SE' in the drawing. Thevalve II5- has two outlets II6 and H1. Outlet H6 is connected by con-.duit II8 to a check valve II8 which is connected by conduit I20 to oneend of the carriage cylinder 6I'. It is also connected by conduit I2I tothe front end of the roller slide cylinder 88. Conduit I20 is alsoconnected by conduit I23 to an ad-; justable metering valve I24, whichin turn is connected by conduit I25 to the metering conduit II2.. Theoutlet II1 of the four way valve H6 is connected by conduit I'26 to theother end of the cylinder 8|. Conduit I26 is connected by conduit I21 tothe inlet end of another 4 way valve I28, controlled by solenoid markedSG on the drawing. The return outlets I29 and I30 of valves I28 and II6,respectively, are interconnected by conduit I3I. The return outlet I30is connected by conduit I32 to the tank conduit III. Thefour way valveI28 has a pair of pressure outlets I34 and I36. Outlet I34 is connectedby conduit I36 to the rear end of roller slide cylinder 88 and byconduit I31 to the front end of the tool slide cylinder 16. The rear endof the tool slide cylinder 16 is connected by conduit I40 to thepressure outlet I36 of the four way valve I28.

'I'he'four way valves H6 and I28 are of well known construction. Thevalve is so constructed that the solenoid in one position connectspressure inlet H3 with one of the pressure outlets, and in such positionthe other pressure outlet is connected to the return outlet I30. Inanother position of the solenoid SE, the other pressure outlet isconnected to the pressure inlet II3, and the first pressure outlet isconnected to the relief outlet I30- The operation is the same for fourway valve I28, the pressure being alternated between outlets I34 and I35and that when one of said outlets is connected to pressure, the other isconnected to tank.

An electrical system is provided controlled by a switch I mounted on thecarriage. Movement of the limit switch I in one direction will actuate amicro-switch "I, and movement of opening 63 in the base.

opening in the carriage. Rod I66 is formed with a longitudinal grooveI68 forming a pair ofend shoulders, I61 and I68 at the ends ofthegroove. As the carriage moves, the limit switch I60 willalternatingly contact the end shoulders I61..and

I68 to operate'the micro switches .I6I and "I62 in the electric systemwhich controls the sole-.

noidsSE and SG, through suitable relays.

The sequence of operation of the hydraulic system will now be described.Starting with the condition where solenoid SE is energized, 8G is alsoenergized. The carriage feeds inwardly towards the center of the workpiece,'as hydraulic medium under pressure passes from the four way valveHi to conduit I26 and cylinder CI to move the carriage ofthe right handrear slideto the left, looking at Fig. '1. At the sametime, pressurepasses through conduit I21 to valve I28 and through conduit I40 to thetool slide cylinder 16 keeping the tool slide piston 11a advancedinwardly with the ,tool in cutting position. Hydraulic medium passes outof the carriage cylinder 6I but cannot pass through the check valve II9against the direction of the arrow. Hydraulic medium therefore passesthrough conduit I23, and the metering valve I24 to the'meterin conduitII2 back to tank. Pressure is allowed to build up however by. therestriction of valve 'I24, in conduit I2I sufflcient to retract piston81 in the roller slide cylinder 88. At the same time, hydraulic mediumpasses from cylinders 16 and 88 through pipes I31 and I36 to passageI34, valve I28, conduits I3I and I32, back to tank. Thus, as thecarriage feeds toward the center, the tool slide is in, and turns theworkpiece, while the roller slide is out.

At the end of the cutting stroke, operation of the limit switch causesdeenergization of sole; noid SG while solenoid SE remains energized.Thus, the carriage stays forward or at its most inward position.Pressure now comes from pump, valve II5, conduit I26, conduit I21,conduit I36 to the rear of the roller slide 88 to move the roller slideinwardly, and through conduit I31 to the front of cylinder 16 to retractthe tool slide.

Hydraulic medium goes back to tank from cylinder 16 through conduit I40,and hydraulic medium passes from cylinder 88. through the metering valveI2Lto the metering conduit H2 and tank. While the roller slide is in,and the rollers 81a and IOI are in contact with the work piece, thetools on the front carriages may cut the wheel seat and journaldiameters,and during such operation the roller slide serves as 'a steadyrest to prevent deflection of the axle, and hence to prevent taperturning and chatter.

Upon deenergization of solenoid SE, the right hand carriage moves to theright, and both the tool slide and the roller slide move out. Upondeenergization of solenoid SE, oil under pressure flows through conduitII8, check valve Us to carriage cylinder 6I moving the carriage cylinderto the right. Hydraulic medium also moves through conduit I2I to thefront end of cylinder 88 to retract the piston 81 and also the rollerslide. The tool slidehas been retracted and Attached to bracket. I64 isa rod I66 slidably mounted in a suitable tore.

middle, the tool slide to move in while the roller slide remains out.

It will thus be seen that there is provided a device in which theseveral objects of this invention are achieved, and which is welladapted to meet the conditions of practical use.

As various possible embodiments might be made of the above invention,and as various changes might be made in the embodiments above set forth,it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown in theaccompanying drawing is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in alimiting sense.

Having thus described our invention, we claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent:

1. In a lathe, a bed, a base fixed to the bed,

a carriage slidably mounted on the base for movement longitudinally ofthe bed, a first .cylinder fixed to said carriage, a piston within saidfirst cylinder, adjustable means to connect said first piston to saidbase, a tool slide slidably mounted on said carriage for movementtransversely of the bed, a second cylinder attached to said carriage. asecond piston within said second cylinder, means to connect said secondpiston to the tool slide, a roller slide slidably mounted on thecarriage for movement transversely of the bed, a third cylinder mountedon said carriage, a third piston in said third cylinder on saidcarriage, and means to connect said third piston in said third cylinderon the carriage to said roller slide.

2. In a lathe, a bed, a base fixed to the bed, a carriage slidablymounted on the base for movement longitudinally of the bed, a firstcylinder fixed to the carriage, a first piston within said firstcylinder, adjustable means to connect said first piston to the base, atool slide slidably mounted on the carriage for movement transversely ofthe bed,.a second cylinder attached to the carriage, a second pistonwithin said second cylinder. means to connect said second piston to thetool slide, a roller slide slidably mounted on the carriage for movementtransversely of the bed, a third cylinder mounted on the carriage,

a third piston in said third cylinder on the carriage, means to connectsaid third piston in said third cylinder on the carriage to the rollerslide,

a pair of rollers rotatably mounted on the roller slide for rotationabout parallel axes, and means toadjust the axis of one of said rollersrelative to said roller slide.

3. In a lathe, a bed, a base fixed to the bed, a carriage slidablymounted on the base for movement longitudinally of the bed, a firstcylinder fixed to the carriage, a first piston within said firstcylinder, adjustable means to connect said first piston to the base, atool slide slidably mounted on the carriage for movement transversely ofthe bed, a second cylinder attached to the carriage, a second pistonwithin said second cylinder, means to connect said second piston to thetool slide, a roller slide slidably mounted on the carriage for movementtransversely of the bed, a third cylinder mounted on the carriage, athird piston in said third cylinder on the carriage, means to connectsaid third piston in said third cylinder on the carriage to' the rollerslide, a pair of rollers rotatably mounted on the roller slide forrotation about parallel axes, means to adjust the axis of one of saidrollers relative to the roller slide, and means to adjust the rollerside relative to the piston connected thereto.

ROBERT KURZWEIL. JUVENTINO JOSE PESQUEIRA.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file ofthis patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number

